Waxaa lagu taliyay in si wax ku ool ah loogu nuugo molecules gaar ah oo ku jira dareerayaasha iyo gaasaska, iyo in si wax ku ool ah looga saaro wasakhda nus-colloidal ee aadka u khafiifsan.
● Heerka socodka dhexdhexaadka ah
● Awood nuugis oo xooggan
● Ugu yaraan 50% kaarboon firfircoon

● Caddeynta soo saarista walxaha ka soo baxa ciidda, serumka caanaha, xalalka istaarijka iyo xalalka sonkorta leh ka hor polarimetry iyo refractometry
● Nadiifinta hawada si loo nuugo iodine 131
● Shaandhaynta xalalka elektaroonigga ah
| Fasal | Guryaha | Shaandhaynta Herzberg (yada) | Miisaanka (g/m²) | Dhumuc (mm) |
| 900 | dhexdhexaad ah | 360 | 170 | 0.38 |